Hospital Design: Nightingale was an advocate of the “pavilion” model of hospital design, as a means to minimize cross-infection. Roman Catholic nuns had been giving nursing services before the Civil War, and had founded many hospitals, but they did not require nurse training or found training schools until late in the 19th century. opened around 1873, all based on her principles, but not her nurses: the New York Training School, at Bellevue the New England Hospital for Women and Children Training School in New Haven, Conn., and the Boston Training School at Massachusetts General Hospital.
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She worked out a detailed plan for how to set up a school and introduce trained nursing into the hospital. In 1872, Nightingale was approached for advice by a doctor at the Bellevue Hospital, New York-a committee had condemned the hospital for its numerous defects. While many women nursed during the Civil War, this did not lead to the founding of a nursing school or profession, as Crimean War nursing had in England.
The largest Confederate hospital, Chimborazo, outside Richmond, VA, the capital of the confederacy, was built on her principles-huts with good ventilation and well spaced. Her hospital forms were sent to the Northern Army-she thought that if they had been better used, the death rate would have been lower. They were used by both the Northern and the Confederate Armies during the Civil War.
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She had begun publishing on hospital reform in 1858, to bring out a full book-length account, Notes on Hospitals, in 1863. In 1860, Nightingale published her most famous book, Notes on Nursing, which was promptly re-published in the U.S., and serialized in the Saturday Evening Post. Her example inspired women to volunteer, on both sides, to nurse in the American Civil War. Poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow celebrated her in a poem, “Santa Filomena”: What she did for the United States is now little known, but she was famous there in her lifetime-the Crimean War and her own work were well covered by the press. She was already famous then as the heroine of the Crimean War (1854-56), leader of the first team of British nurses to nurse in war.
By Lynn McDonald, for the Nightingale Societyįlorence Nightingale (1820-1910) is well known as the founder of the modern profession of nursing-her training school, the first in the world, opened in 1860.
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